Internalisation of Spanish Fashion Brand Zara - 8711 Words

INTERNATIONALISATION OF SPANISH FASHION BRAND ZARA Carmen Lopez Ying Fan Brunel Business School Brunel University Uxbridge UB8 3PH England +44-1895-267239 Key Words Internationalisation, fashion retailing, market entry, branding, international marketing, Zara 1 INTERNATIONALISATION OF SPANISH FASHION BRAND ZARA ABSTRACT Purpose Research on the internationalisation of retailing has been mainly focused on market entry issues. This paper attempts to examine the internationalisation process from a branding perspective using Spanish fashion retailer Zara as a case. Methodology/Approach An in-depth case approach was adopted based on extensive secondary research, which include literature published in English and Spanish as well as†¦show more content†¦The major trends that are restructuring and characterising the textile and clothing sector are as follows: †¢ The European textile and clothing industry is characterised by fragmented production with a large number of small and medium-sized companies mainly located in Italy, Great Britain, France, Germany and Spain (Nordas, 2004), while distribution channels are highly concentrated (Stengg, 2001). †¢ Increasing internationalisation in the textile and apparel sector and the emergen ce of international competitors (Cervià ±o, 1998). Consolidation of the sector through mergers, acquisitions and strategic alliances (Dunford, 2004). †¢ Sub-contracting or delocalisation of textile and clothing production to countries with lower labour and transportation costs and reduced lead-time (Berkeley and Steuer, 2000). †¢ Re-evaluation of the business models to adapt to the customers ´ changing taste (KPMG, 2005). Fashion companies are becoming more flexible and vertically organised, limited vertical integration being more frequent than complete integration (Samiee, 1995). Adoption of new technology to expand productivity and increase competitiveness (Berkeley and Steuer, 2000). †¢ Democratisation of the fashion sector over the last decades (Mazaira, et al., 2003). Zara has contributed greatly to this shift by offering the latest design at attractive prices. 4 ZARA: THE BACKGROUND

Selective Mutism Is A Changeable Anxiety Issue Defined By...

Selective Mutism is a changeable anxiety issue defined by a child s lack of talk in different social places, for example, school. These children can talk and communicate where they are friendly, secure, and relaxed most of the times these students are very talkative at home but in the school they don t talk. I have seen a lot of students like that they are super shy in the school but when I have a chance to visit their home they are very talkative. Also, I know some of these students are very smart but they don t respond to any question but when I checked their writing responses it is perfect. I have seen different students like that some of them have genetic problems about anxiety. Also, some of the kids have serious anger problems at home but in the school they are shy and unresponsive to the environment. I have seen a lot of K-5 classrooms, and most of them are look like a room of a house I think it will help to reduce anxiety. Unfortunately, it is hard to set up the same environm ent in high school classes. Classical condition is a term that used to describe what has been gained through experience. Parts of a classical condition hypothesis are the unconditioned help. Unconditioned help is anything that can bring out a reaction without former learning. For example, when a dog eats some food it causes the mouth to salivate, or when it sees his owner who comes to play with it, it begins to salivate. It is the same for a child who is with his family he will be active or

Polymer Definition and Examples

A polymer is a large molecule made up of chains or rings of linked repeating subunits, which are called monomers. Polymers usually have high melting and boiling points. Because the molecules consist of many monomers, polymers tend to have high molecular masses. The word polymer comes from the Greek prefix poly-, which means many, and the suffix -mer, which means parts. The word was coined by Swedish chemist Jons Jacob Berzelius (1779–1848) in 1833, although with a slightly different meaning from the modern definition. The modern understanding of polymers as macromolecules was proposed by German organic chemist Hermann Staudinger (1881–1965) in 1920. Examples of Polymers Polymers may be divided into two categories. Natural polymers (also called biopolymers) include silk, rubber, cellulose, wool, amber, keratin, collagen, starch, DNA, and shellac. Biopolymers serve key functions in organisms, acting as structural proteins, functional proteins, nucleic acids, structural polysaccharides, and energy storage molecules. Synthetic polymers are prepared by a chemical reaction, often in a lab. Examples of synthetic polymers include PVC (polyvinyl chloride), polystyrene, synthetic rubber, silicone, polyethylene, neoprene, and nylon. Synthetic polymers are used to make plastics, adhesives, paints, mechanical parts, and many common objects. Synthetic polymers may be grouped into two categories. Thermoset plastics are made from a liquid or soft solid substance that can be irreversibly changed into an insoluble polymer by curing using heat or radiation. Thermoset plastics tend to be rigid and have high molecular weights. The plastic stays out of shape when deformed and typically decompose before they melt. Examples of thermoset plastics include epoxy, polyester, acrylic resins, polyurethanes, and vinyl esters. Bakelite, Kevlar, and vulcanized rubber are also thermoset plastics. Thermoplastic polymers or thermosoftening plastics are the other type of synthetic polymers. While thermoset plastics are rigid, thermoplastic polymers are solid when cool, but are pliable and can be molded above a certain temperature. While thermoset plastics form irreversible chemical bonds when cured, the bonding in thermoplastics weakens with temperature. Unlike thermosets, which decompose rather than melt, thermoplastics melt into a liquid upon heating. Examples of thermoplastics include acrylic, nylon, Teflon, polypropylene, polycarbonate, ABS, and polyethylene. Brief History of Polymer Development Natural polymers have been used since ancient times, but mankinds ability to intentionally synthesize polymers is a fairly recent development. The first man-made plastic was nitrocellulose. The process to make it was devised in 1862 by British chemist Alexander Parkes (1812–1890). He treated the natural polymer cellulose with nitric acid and a solvent. When nitrocellulose was treated with camphor, it produced celluloid, a polymer widely used in the film industry and as a moldable replacement for ivory. When nitrocellulose was dissolved in ether and alcohol, it became collodion. This polymer was used as a surgical dressing, starting with the U.S. Civil War and afterward. The vulcanization of rubber was another big achievement in polymer chemistry. German chemist Friedrich Ludersdorf (1801–1886) and American inventor Nathaniel Hayward (1808–1865) independently found adding sulfur to natural rubber helped keep it from becoming sticky. The process of vulcanizing rubber by adding sulfur and applying heat was described by British engineer Thomas Hancock (1786–1865) in 1843 (UK patent) and American chemist Charles Goodyear (1800–1860) in 1844. While scientists and engineers could make polymers, it wasnt until 1922 that an explanation was proposed for how they formed. Hermann Staudinger suggested covalent bonds held together long chains of atoms. In addition to explaining how polymers work, Staudinger also proposed the name macromolecules to describe polymers.

Essay on Made to Order Hero - 1594 Words

Made to Order Hero nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many times in life we encounter an individual that touches us in some profound way. The relation of this individual to the person they are influencing is as diverse as the personal experiences that causes this admiration. This individual, or hero, can impact and totally change the direction of someones life. A hero can be anyone, from a professional athlete, to a public service figure, to a relative or parent. Each hero is defined by an individuals definition of what a hero is and should be. The definition of a hero has not always been this liberal. As time and the world have progressed so has the definition of the word hero. The poems Beowulf and Sir Gawin and the Green Knight are†¦show more content†¦Beowulf followed what he believed was right, helping out a friend in need and keeping his word. Gawain searches out the Green Knight and fulfills his commitment because it was how he was raised; it was the thing the law said was right. â€Å"†¦Th ere were penalties for violation of the spoken bond in medieval society, related legality to Christian morality-violation of contracts with man to breaking faith with God† (Vantuono XXVI). Gawain keeps his word in order to stay right with the Lord God, whereas Beowulf does not appear to be influenced by God, only by himself and his belief that he should help out others whom had previously aided he and his family. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Perhaps the story within the Poem of Gawain and the Green Knight provides us with the best possible view of the Christian influence on the heroic code. The story itself seems to somewhat parallel the Biblical story of the life of Jesus Christ. Gawain steps forward and takes on the Green Knight for King Arthur, knowing full well that in one year and a day the Green Knight was to repay Gawain with the same action. This is very similar to the idea that Christ came to earth to take on the sins of His people, knowing full well that the result would be His death instead of ours. Later Gawain must fend off the temptations offered by others to flee and not keep his word. Gawain speaksShow MoreRelatedThe Hero With A Thousand Faces1540 Words   |  7 PagesCampbell â€Å"The Hero With A Thousand Faces† and The Movie â€Å"Alien† A hero is â€Å"a man (or occasionally a woman) of superhuman strength, courage, or ability, favored by the gods.† Based on this quote, found on â€Å"The Oxford English Dictionary Online,† one can assume that the hero would be a man based on the terms that are used. People often associate a man as being the almighty power in a situation. They are referred to as the hero. One does not often find a movie about superheroes with the hero being a womanRead MoreA Hero Can Have a Flaw707 Words   |  3 PagesWhat makes a hero? Most people will immediately imagine a superhero, unbeatable athlete or noble warrior. Despite their superhuman achievements, they all have something in common with even the meekest people-- a flaw.These flaws give us a chance of becoming heroes ourselves. We are all humans and make mistakes, so their are no chances of a perfect hero. However, if a perfect hero does exist, his or her good qualities may become a flaw in a certain situation. Like a pers on who sees all good in peopleRead MoreThe Hero With A Thousand Faces1524 Words   |  7 PagesRevised Draft A hero is â€Å"a man (or occasionally a woman) of superhuman strength, courage, or ability, favored by the gods.† Based on this quote, found on â€Å"The Oxford English Dictionary Online,† one can assume that the hero would be a man based on the terms that are used. People often associate a man as being the almighty power in a situation. They are referred to as the hero. One does not often find a movie about superheroes with the hero being a woman. Gender should not define who is the betterRead MoreWhat s A True Hero?856 Words   |  4 PagesWhat s a True Hero is? A true hero is someone with courage and bravely to go beyond in order to help someone, because as a child to an adult it’s a very different view point and Joseph Campbell help us understand what it takes to be a true hero. For many years, many people have used the word hero for many situations that doesn t particularly consider being a hero. If we Google the definition for the word hero; A man of distinguished courage or ability, admired for his brave deeds and noble qualitiesRead MoreSimilarities Between European And Asian Films1163 Words   |  5 Pages The Grittier Hero The Western has traditionally been thought of as an American entity. Forging the west and its frontier is what the nation sees as its identity. There are other versions of the this traditionally American story. Countries outside the nation intrigued by the genre have taken the Western to other levels and depicted the characters in a different light. European and Asian films have a divergent perspective of the traditional lone man that comes to save the day. Films such as TheRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Lord Of The Flies913 Words   |  4 Pagesbe a friend but turns around and stabs the hero in the back. But it can go the other way as well. Someone that the hero thought was an enemy could end up being a great ally. The shapeshifter can be identified this way by the actions of the character or how the hero views the character. The guardian in the story is the character that tries to get the hero to abandon the quest. The character shows up at any part of the quest and blocks or prevents the hero from the next part of the story. SometimesRead MoreHamlet As A Tragic Hero850 Words   |  4 Pagesthey would be perceived as a hero if they revenge? Well In the novel Hamlet the author, William Shakespeare creates tragic events where his main character Hamlet has to overcome to achieve his goal of killing his evil uncle Claudius. â€Å"In life one has to do bad thing in order to be a hero,the hero also has to make sacrifices in order to be successful† (John Barrowman). In Shakespeare Hamlet, should hamlet be considered a tragic hero judging by him following the hero steps. Shakespeare proves thatRead MoreThe Importance Of Heroism854 Words   |  4 PagesSpiderman or whomever. But not many people stop and think about the real heroes in the real world, such as policeman, firefighters, doctors etc. Heroism is a lot more than some ink on a comic book page. It is the reward of being, helping, or becoming a hero. Heroes get to inspire the next generation to take their place. Heroism involves inspiring because heroes need the courage to face a challenge and to overcome that challenge without being cowardly. Heroism is supposed to inspire other people to takeRead MoreEssay about Heracles: From the Myth to a Disney Movie1627 Words   |  7 Pagesgenerations. Some of these presented adaptations of mythological stories have significantly been modified in order to be deemed entertaining by audiences in a pop culture generation. Thus, my study will seek to compare mythological heros during their time to how they have been depicted in modern day. Moreover, my study will analyze the similarities and differences between the Greek hero Heracles and his replica character, Hercules, depicted in Disneys adaptation of this myth. Although there areRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone876 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Lincoln. While Abraham Lincoln may not be considered a tragic hero he is similar to Antigone because both were fulfilling a divine order. Antigone is the title character of Sophocles’ Antigone. She is the daughter of Oedipus, who coupled with his mother and murdered his father. As a result of her father’s fate she is a victim of circumstance. She is also considered a tragic hero. Aristotle s definition of a tragic hero is someone who starts out in a high position or in good standing with

Handel’s Opera Free Essays

George Friderick Handel (1685-1759) writes all of his opera for over 35 years. Almost within his lifetime though his operas were considered to be almost obsolete with regards to format yet were of the finest kind. Due to format Handel’s opera were the most neglected in all of his works until recently. We will write a custom essay sample on Handel’s Opera or any similar topic only for you Order Now As with most of the musical artist of his time, Handel’s opera were modeled on both German and Italian style, with some modifications to suit his artistic taste and that of the English for which they were produced (Sadie, 1992, 614). In the span of his career, Handel composed more than forty operas. True to the nature of Baroque music, most of these operas show elements of the use of dance rhythms and elaborate melodic lines. Although born a German, Handel’s opera was influenced by the conventions of the Italian opera seria, became its most important composer with Fench grandeur. Perhaps Handel’s greatest contribution to the field of opera was his ability to convey emotions with sincerity and clarity through melody, so that he often used the opera seria convention of the da capo aria with dramatic and surprising effect (Sadie, 1992, 614). Handel’s first opera was Almira composed in 1705. His fascination with Italians trends showed through his motto arias and obbligato accompaniment in concerto style. In this work however, Handel also showed the influence of his German training as seen by his tendency to repeat rhythmic patterns and relatively infrequent use of highly melismatic melodies. Handel had tried to replace the disorganized plots of much serious middle Baroque opera, with a new type which was strictly organized and formally predictable. Each scene was constructed mostly by a series of alternating recitatives and arias (usually da capo arias) after which the main characters would exit. His opera entitled Agrippina (1709) shown in Venice catapulted Handel to fame. This work shows an extensive borrowings from an earlier (lost) opera, Rodrigo, as well as his earlier cantatas. His success in opera occurred at a time when opera was forbidden in Rome (O’Grady, 1998). Handle’s major Operas were Ottone (1723), Giulio Cesare (1724), Tamerlano (1724), Rinaldo (rev. 1731). How to cite Handel’s Opera, Papers

Resistivity Essay Example For Students

Resistivity Essay Aim:To investigate the physical and electrical properties of a wire in order to find the resistance using Ohms law and from this to find the Resistivity of the wire at room temperature. Hypothesis:Electricity is the flow of charged particles around a complete circuit; a circuit consists of three main factors, voltage, current and resistance. Ohms Law states that at a constant room temperature these factors can be related by the equation,V = IRWhere, V = Voltage (V)I = Current (A)R = Resistance (?)Therefore, we can say that at a constant room temperature resistance is relative to the value of the voltage and of the current, this can be expressed by the equation,By altering the values of voltage and current the value of resistance can be altered at any given point in a circuit. In addition to the relationship stated in Ohms Law, resistance is related to length and cross sectional area. By saying that resistance is due to collisions between electrons we can deduce that resistance is proportional to length because by doubling the length of a wire we double the chance of a charged particle colliding (resistance), therefore,R ? LAlso, if we double the area it will consequently double the number of charged particles flowing at a given point and thus double the current and halving the resistance. Therefore,By combining these equations we can produce,Where, = Resistivity (?/m) (material constant)R = Resistance (?)a = Cross Sectional Area (mm)L = Length (m)Resistivity is a constant of a wire, it is the resistance of a standard size wire of a material with 1 unit length and 1 unit cross sectional area, so 1m long with a cross sectional area of 1m. I intend to investigate the constancy of resistivity; if resistivity is indeed a constant then it will be the same at every point along a chosen wire. The standard deviation of the results can be calculated by using this equation,By using the standard deviation of the results I predict that at every point tested along the chosen wire the resistivity will be within 2 standard deviations of the mean resistivity of the wire. Approximately 97% of a sample will lie within 2 standard deviations of the mean, and approximately 99% of a sample lie within 3 standard deviations of the mean. Providing that all the results lie within 2 standard deviations of the mean, then it can be taken that resistivity is a constant. Experimental VariablesThe variables identified in this experiment are as follows,VoltageCurrentResistanceLengthCross Sectional AreaTemperatureThroughout the experiment it will be assumed that there are no other variables present, and that temperature is constant at room temperature. All the variables will be kept as close to constant as possible, barring length which will be the experimental variable and thus will be altered. Experimental Procedure TheoryIn order to calculate resistivity the voltage and current will be taken at a designated point along a wire, these values will then be used to calculate resistance using Ohms Law as shown,This can then be combined with,This will produce the equation,The values used will be recorded and then this process repeated at a decided interval along a 1m length of wire. Prior to this, the wire to use and the interval regularity must first be deiced, and safety precautions taken into account. Preliminary ExperimentAn array of wires were made available that varied in type and SWG (Standard Wire Gauge) values. Copper SWG 30Constanton SWG 28SWG 30Nickel Chrome SWG 18SWG 22SWG 30In order to determine the appropriate wire for experimentation, a preliminary experiment was performed testing each wires resistive properties at 50cm length and 100cm length while using a power supply stated as being 6V with a supplied current of 1A. Charles De Secondat, Baron De La Brede Et De Montesquieu Was Born In 1 EssayThis is shown in the graph above, where it can be clearly seen that the as the length of the wire increases, the voltage will sharply increase until it levels out at 40cm. The current however, decreases at an almost uniform rate as the length increases. In the graph above it can be seen that the resistance increases steadily as the length increases. From the raw data collected the resistivity can be calculated by taking calculating resistivity at each point along the wire and then taking an average value for the wire as a whole. First however the cross sectional area of the wire must be calculated, using the standard wire gauge values (SWG) of diameter, it can be calculated using pi that the cross sectional area is 0.08mm and so is 0.0008m. This value for cross sectional area can now be used in the equation to work out resistivity,This formula was used to calculate the resistivity at each point along the wire,Length (cm)Resistance (?)Resistivity ( )101.16202.34303.54404.58505.71607.36708.02809.979010.4110011.14In order to prove or disprove the hypothesis the standard deviation must be calculated using the equation,We know that,Also,And,Using the equation, we can determine that standard deviation is equal too,It is known that about 97% of the data lies within 2 standard deviations of the mean, therefore, providing all the data lies within 2 standard deviations of the mean then it can be considered to be a constant. The highest value calculated was 9.9710-4 and the minimum was 8.9110-4 The mean equals,The upper limit equals,The lower limit equals,This shows that,Maximum Upper LimitMinimum Higher LimitTherefore, the data all lies within 2 standard deviations of the mean and allowing for variances in the experimental conditions, resistivity can be considered a constant value for Constanton and shall be taken as being 9.2810-6?/mSources of Random and Methodological ErrorIdentified sources include a natural variance in the power supply, which due to conditions out the control of the experiment cause a fluctuation in the power supply and consequently it isnt a constant 230V supply, causing the outputted voltage of 6V to vary, along with the outputted current. Also another possible source of random error is natural impurities in the wire which could cause the flow of current to be affected thus effecting the collected data. The most major source of error will be down to human error, such as inaccurate measurement of current and voltage during the experimental process, and inaccurate measurement of lengths, and placing of connections to the experimental wire from the power supply. The use of standard deviation allows for these errors by giving a tolerance level of 2 standard deviations from the mean of the data collected.